One-Shot Methods for Aerodynamic Shape Optimization

Abstract

Exposed sandy beaches are important intertidal habitats and coastal resources in southern California. A high proportion of the mainland coast (74%, 93%, and 66% of Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties, respectively) is sandy beach, much of which is heavily used by humans. Lower proportions of the California Channel Island coasts are sandy (52%, 33%, and 14% of San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz islands, respectively). Island beaches receive little direct human disturbance and some are important rookeries for pinnipeds and nesting birds. Recent studies used similar methods to sample macrofauna and other factors on 36 sandy beaches of the southern California mainland and Channel Islands. Monitoring of physical characteristics, macrophyte wrack, and selected macrofauna species occurs only on Santa Rosa Island beaches. The beaches sampled were primarily modally intermediate morphodynamic types. Species richness, abundance, and biomass of macrofauna inhabiting exposed sandy beaches in southern California were high compared to values reported for similar beaches of other regions. Species richness was higher on mainland beaches than on island beaches. Species richness and abundances of selected taxa were positively correlated with macrophyte wrack cover. Beach grooming practices that remove wrack may have significant impacts on macrofauna communities.