Late Presentation of Carfilzomib Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy

Abstract

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells resulting in overproduction of paraprotein. Proteasome inhibitors (PI) have been a corner stone for the treatment of MM. Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) is a recent hematological adverse event that has newly been recognized in multiple PI. TMA leads to end-organ damage and infarction by microthromobi. TMA pathophysiology is not well understood and has multiple etiologies. We present a case of PI-induced TMA, along with literature review of cases diagnosed from 2008-2018. Unique to our case is the onset of presentation, more than 24 months after initiating carfilzomib. Our case highlights the need for vigilant monitoring and the importance of clinical suspicion in patients at risk for TMA.