Role of microbial genomics in crop improvement

Abstract

Genomic sequencing and analysis are in a period of exponential growth. The nearly complete human genome sequence is the cornerstone of genome-based biology and provides the richest intellectual resource in the history of biology. The availability of entire genome sequences marks a new age in biology because it has the potential to open innovative and efficient research avenues. Determination of entire genome sequences is only the first step in understanding the inner workings of an organism. The next critical step is to elucidate the functions of these sequences and give biochemical, physiological, and ecological meaning to the information. Sequence analysis indicates that the biological functions of substantial portions of complete genomes are unknown. Defining the role of each gene in the complex cellular machine and network is a formidable task. In addition, genomes contain hundreds to thousands of genes many of which encode multiple proteins that interact and function together as multicomponent systems or apparatuses for accomplishing specific cellular processes. The products of many genes are often coregulated in complex signal transduction networks and understanding how the genome functions as a whole to give life to complete organisms presents an even greater challenge. In addition, gene functions, protein machinery, and regulatory networks cannot be identified solely by using traditional single-gene, single-protein approaches. Thus, many laboratories are addressing important questions in functional genomics research by integrating genomic, proteomic, genetic, biochemical, and bioinformatic approaches. Consequently, areas in functional genomics and associated genomic technology are developing very rapidly. Rapid exchange of knowledge and the establishment of critical collaborations are vital to remaining on the cutting edge of this field. All of these meetings have attracted leading scientists and institutions involved in genome sequencing, microbial functional genomics, and genomic and proteomic technologies.