Geometrically invariant watermarking based on local generalized orthogonalized complex moments

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel geometrically invariant watermarking scheme based on Hessian-Laplace detector and Bessel-Fourier moments. Firstly, Hessian-Laplace detector is adopted to extract feature points. Then, non-overlapped disks centered at feature points are generated. These disks are normalized for the invariance to rotation, scaling and translation distortions. Finally, the watermark is embedded in magnitudes of Bessel-Fourier moments of each disk via dither modulation to realize the robustness to common image processing operations and de-synchronization attacks. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed watermarking procedure has the superior and remarkable performance in imperceptibility and robustness to various attacks. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.