Architectural aspect of solutions for ambiental conditions in the fresh fruit and vegetable wholesale market buildings

Abstract

Provision of healthy nutrition, continuous supply with fresh, quality and price acceptable food, along with the intensive increase in the number of citydwellers, shows that the planning and construction of fresh food wholesale markets is necessary. Modern wholesale markets are technological and commercial complexes with considerable size of built-up areas, roads and extensive infrastructure. Large number of factors affects the planning and design of wholesale markets. Important factor affecting the spatial and functional solution for fruit and vegetable promotion and sale facilities buildings, is ambiental condition requirements. Ambiental condition requirements include temperature and humidity, as well as hygienic and health requirements. Regulations and guidelines that exist in the agri-food system supply chain 'from farm to fork' are also valid for fresh food wholesale markets. The organizations that provide recommendations are Food Agriculture Organisation (FAO), World Health Organisation (WHO), and World Union of Wholesale Markets (WUWM). Respect of the cold chain, traceability and hygiene and health standards are recommended in their Guidelines. These recommendations are to be implemented in the national regulations. This research assumption is that changes in ambiental conditions, caused by regulations and guidelines, significantly contributed to the transformation of spatial and functional wholesale fruit and vegetables building solutions. By those regulations and guidelines and new technology solutions this spatial and functional transformation has been accelerated The paper also presents a comparative analysis of spatial and functional solutions by the basic parameters such as facility size, functional layout, type and size of premises. Spatial-functional solutions of the buildings in wholesale market in Halles-e in Paris, Rome and the CAR-Corbas Lyon in Lyon were analysed. The research results confirmed the assumptions that changes in ambiental conditions entail changes in the spatialfunctional solutions i.e. change of the complete geometry of buildings and premises. The results have important application for practical use in planning and design of modern fresh fruit and vegetable market buildings.Obezbedjivanje zdrave ishrane stanovnistva, kontinuirano stambedavanje svezim, kvalitetnim i po ceni prihvatljivih namirnica, pri intenzivnom povecanju broja zitelja gradova, pokazuje da je planiranje i izgradnja veleprodajnih pijaca (veletrznica) neophodno. Savremene veletrznice su tehnolosko-komercijalni kompleksi sa znacajnom izgradjenom povrsinom objekata, saobracajnica i sa obimnom infrastrukturom. Na planiranje i projektovanje veletrznica utice veliki broj faktora, a jedan od bitnih faktora koji utice na prostorno-funkcionalno resenje objekata za izlaganje i prodaju svezih namirnica, posebno voca i povrca su zahtevani ambijentalni uslovi. Ambijentalni uslovi obuhvataju pored zahtevanih temperatura i vlaznosti vazduha i higijensko-zdravstvene zahteve. Propise i preporuke koje vaze u ukupnom poljoprivredno-prehrambenom sistemu-lancu 'od njive do trpeze', obhvataju i veletrznice. Organizacije koje donose preporuke na svetskom nivou su Organizacija za hranu i poljoprivredu pri Ujedinjenim nacijama (FAO), Svedska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO), Svedska unija veletrznica (WUWM), i upravo se njihovim preporukama zahteva postovanje hladnog lanca, sledljivosti i higijensko zdravstvenih standarda. Preporuke se ugradjuju u nacionalne zakone. Predpostavka istrazivanja je da su promene u ambijentalnim uslovima, nastale i propisane zakonima i preporukama, bitno uticale na promene prostorno-funkcionalnih resenja objekata veletrznica voca i povrca, i da su te promene ubrzane.U radu je data uporedna analiza prostornofunkcionalnih resenja po osnovnim parametrima kao sto su dimenzije objekata, funkcionali raspored, vrste i dimenzije prostorija. Na taj nacin su sagledane promene prostorno-funkcionalnih resenja u vremenu. Analize su obuhvatile prostorno-funkcionalna resenja objekata na veletrznici Halles-e u Parizu, CAR u Rimu i Lyon-Corbas-a u Lionu. Rezultati istrazivanja su potvrdili postavljene pretpostavke, odnosno potvrdili promene u prostorno-funkcionalnim resenjima i kompletnoj geometriji objekata i prostorija, kao posledicu zahtevanih ambijentanih uslova, a samim tim dobijeni rezultati imaju aplikativni znacaj za prakticnu primenu u planiranju i projektovanju savremenih objekata svezeg voca i povrca na veletrznicama.