Pilot study of pressure-flow properties in a numerical model of the middle ear

Abstract

Background: Constructing a three-dimensional (3D) model through non-invasive techniques will greatly benefit the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media. However, such a model should reflect the physiological characteristics of the middle ear; in particular, the pressure-flow responses determine the validity of the model. Objectives: A 3D model of the middle ear was constructed by digital scanning and simulation. The pressure-flow properties in the model were measured to evaluate whether the model could reflect the real middle ear under physiological and pathological conditions. Materials and methods: Computed tomography (CT) scanning data from a healthy woman were input into Mimics 20.0 to construct 3D images of the middle ear. The 3D images were treated with Ansys 15.0 for finite element mesh generation. Msc Nastran 2014 were used for the fluid-solid coupling calculations. Results: The pressure-flow rate in the model resembled a Venturi tube, namely, the pressure decreased with increasing flow velocity, especially in the Eustachian tube. In the absence of the right mastoid process, the differences in air pressure and the maximal velocity in the model were reduced. Conclusions: This numerical model based on CT images of the middle ear recapitulates the biomechanical characteristics of the real middle ear. Significance: This study provides an easy and rapid approach to constructing a middle ear model for diagnosis and treatment of otitis media.