Communal space patterns in tsunami aid housing for creating public open space after COVID-19 (case study: Gampong Tibang, Banda Aceh, Indonesia)

Abstract

After the 2004 tsunami disaster, many aid housing developments were carried out, including housing in Gampong Tibang (Tibang Village), Banda Aceh City, with the pattern of building in the initial plot, with low building density. The local community has developed their housing according to their needs. When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, requiring everyone to be in their respective homes, causing open space in the housing environment to become important as a village communal space, which has social and health functions for residents. This research emphasizes how people use communal open spaces for various activities, which are adaptive to the COVID-19 health protocol. The study approach uses field research quickly, the data is obtained by observing the type of housing open space that has the public function (communal open space) and the behavior of the community in using the space. The analysis was carried out in an analytical descriptive manner, looking at the pattern of activities associated with the COVID-19 health protocol. The results showed that there were 9 communal spaces spread over 4 types: a) field with a bale (an open design building of wood), which was used by men; b) the space around the kiosk that provides seating on an open terrace for all residents; c) open space around the intersection for children to play dynamically (cycling, running, sitting); d) the terrace of the residents' house which is more for the passive activities of women. That four types of spaces according to the COVID-19 health protocol are very familiar with a natural atmosphere (enough air circulation and sufficient exposure to sunlight). The conclusion of the study shows that the need for socio-cultural space is still needed by the community during the COVID-19 pandemic which can actually make residents healthy.