Fixed adjustment costs and aggregate fluctuations

Abstract

This paper studies the analytics of a canonical model of lumpy microeconomic adjustment. We provide a novel characterization of the implied aggregate dynamics. In general, the distribution of firm outcomes follows a simple and intuitive law of motion that links aggregate outcomes to rates of adjustment. Analytical approximations reveal, however, that the aggregate dynamics are approximately invariant to a relevant range of adjustment costs. This neutrality is an aggregation result that emerges from a symmetry property in the distributional dynamics, independent of market equilibrium considerations. Quantitative illustrations confirm these results for parameterizations used in the employment and price adjustment literatures.