Calibrating a wide-area camera network with non-overlapping views using mobile devices

Abstract

In a wide-area camera network, cameras are often placed such that their views do not overlap. Collaborative tasks such as tracking and activity analysis still require discovering the network topology including the extrinsic calibration of the cameras. This work addresses the problem of calibrating a fixed camera in a wide-area camera network in a global coordinate system so that the results can be shared across calibrations. We achieve this by using commonly available mobile devices such as smartphones. At least one mobile device takes images that overlap with a fixed camera's view and records the GPS position and 3D orientation of the device when an image is captured. These sensor measurements (including the image, GPS position, and device orientation) are fused in order to calibrate the fixed camera. This article derives a novel maximum likelihood estimation formulation for finding the most probable location and orientation of a fixed camera. This formulation is solved in a distributed manner using a consensus algorithm. We evaluate the efficacy of the proposed methodology with several simulated and real-world datasets. © 2014 ACM 1550-4859/2014/01-ART24 15.00.