The cumulative effects of multiple stressors are becoming a priority concern for ecotoxicologists, ecologists and conservation biologists working to understand threats to ecosystems and species. In that context, parasites and pathogens are increasingly a focus of attention. Parasites interact with natural and anthropogenic stressors to increase mortality and reduce animal health in myriad ways in a wide spectrum of host and parasite taxa. The combined effects of parasites and other stressors can reduce either resistance or tolerance to infection. Recommendations are provided to guide further research. © 2010.
CITATION STYLE
Marcogliese, D. J., & Pietrock, M. (2011, March). Combined effects of parasites and contaminants on animal health: Parasites do matter. Trends in Parasitology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2010.11.002
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