Human endometrium regenerates on a cyclical basis each month, likely mediated by endometrial stem/progenitor cells. Several types of stem/progenitor cells have been identified: CD140b + CD146 + or SUSD2 + endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs), N-cadherin + endometrial epithelial progenitor cells (eEPs), and side population (SP) cells, a heterogeneous population predominantly comprising endothelial cells. eMSCs reside in a perivascular niche and likely mediate angiogenesis and stromal regeneration. Human eEPs are located in the bases of glands in the basalis and are likely more primitive than SSEA-1 + basalis epithelial cells. Endometrial stem/progenitor cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis by their retrograde shedding into the pelvic cavity, either after menarche or as a result of neonatal uterine bleeding. eMSCs may have a role in the generation of progesterone-resistant phenotype of endometrial stromal fibroblasts (eSFs) in endometriosis. In future clinical practice, endometrial stem/progenitor cells may be used to establish diagnosis of endometriosis or as therapeutic targets.
CITATION STYLE
Cousins, F. L., O, D. F., & Gargett, C. E. (2018, July 1). Endometrial stem/progenitor cells and their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Bailliere Tindall Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.011
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