We identified the error sources in a system for measuring tissue resistivity at eight frequencies from 1 Hz to 1 MHz using the four-terminal method. We expressed the measured resistivity with an analytical formula containing all error terms. We conducted practical error measurements with in-vivo and bench-top experiments. We averaged errors at all frequencies for all measurements. The standard deviations of error of the quantization error of the 8-bit digital oscilloscope with voltage averaging, the nonideality of the circuit, the in-vivo motion artifact and electrical interference combined to yield an error of ±1.19%. The dimension error in measuring the syringe tube for measuring the reference saline resistivity added ±1.32% error. The estimation of the working probe constant by interpolating a set of probe constants measured in reference saline solutions added ±0.48% error. The difference in the current magnitudes used during the probe calibration and that during the tissue resistivity measurement caused ±0.14% error. Variation of the electrode spacing, alignment, and electrode surface property due to the insertion of electrodes into the tissue caused ±0.61% error. We combined the above errors to yield an overall standard deviation error of the measured tissue resistivity of ±1.96%.
CITATION STYLE
Tsai, J. Z., Will, J. A., Stelle, S. H. V., Cao, H., Tungjitkusolmun, S., Choy, Y. B., … Webster, J. G. (2002). Error analysis of tissue resistivity measurement. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 49(5), 484–494. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.995687
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