The EU water framework directive: Measures and implications

Abstract

The new EU water framework directive is concisely and critically presented. The directive institutionalises ecosystem-based objectives and planning processes at the level of the hydrographic basin as the basis for water resource management. Whereas fulfillment of the ultimate objective of a "good" overall quality of all waters is questionable in terms of the high costs entailed and the lack of adequate legal enforceability, the directive will transform water institutions and planning processes, generate information and ensure no further deterioration of waters. The directive, affecting 27 countries, marks an important trend towards an ecosystem-based approach for water policy and water resource management. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.