Evaluación del potencial mutagénico de biocidas (vertimec y pentacloro) sobre cebolla

Abstract

Use of biocides is a constant in the agronomic field, the damage to crops and therefore the potential for harm to consumers is known, however its use is ongoing. Therefore, tests were performed to observe cytogenetic aberrations in Allium cepa using plant root samples exposed and not exposed to biocides. Treatments were performed in order to compare the degree of impact of biocides on mitosis and the occurrence of chromosomal mutations. The ANOVA for root development data at the end of the experiment showed a CV of 9.88, significant differences was observed between control and treatments; the inhibition percentages have reached maximum values of 84.2% for Vertimec X8 and 76.5% for pentachloro X8, and minimum values of 38.2% for Vertimec X0.5 and 43.8% for pentachloro X0.5. The mitotic index was higher for control (0.193) and lower for treatment with less developed root Vertimec X8 (0.021) and pentachloro X8 (0.028). Tests showed the occurrence of cytogenetic abnormalities in the cell cycle being the most frequent C-mitosis. It can be concluded that the Allium test is a good indicator of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Biocides cause changes in the genomic structure of crops; these changes may accumulate and cause gene expression changes, can damage agronomic interest regions for a species and affect their genetic stability.