A flurry of theoretical and empirical work concerning the production of and response to facial and vocal expressions has occurred in the past decade. That emotional expressions express emotions is a tautology but may not be a fact. Debates have centered on universality, the nature of emotion, and the link between emotions and expressions. Modern evolutionary theory is informing more models, emphasizing that expressions are directed at a receiver, that the interests of sender and receiver can conflict, that there are many determinants of sending an expression in addition to emotion, that expressions influence the receiver in a variety of ways, and that the receiver's response is more than simply decoding a message.
CITATION STYLE
Russell, J. A., Bachorowski, J. A., & Fernández-Dols, J. M. (2003). Facial and Vocal Expressions of Emotion. Annual Review of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145102
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