Hypoxia occurs in the majority of tumours, promoting angiogenesis, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Responses to hypoxia are orchestrated in part through activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor family of transcription factors (HIFs). Recently, two additional O2-sensitive signalling pathways have also been implicated: signalling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and signalling through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Although they are activated independently, growing evidence suggests that HIF-, mTOR- and UPR-dependent responses to hypoxia act in an integrated way, influencing each other and common downstream pathways that affect gene expression, metabolism, cell survival, tumorigenesis and tumour growth. © 2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
CITATION STYLE
Wouters, B. G., & Koritzinsky, M. (2008, November). Hypoxia signalling through mTOR and the unfolded protein response in cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2501
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