Intermittent bio-sand filtration (BSF) is a low-cost process for improving water quality in rural households. This study addresses its two drawbacks: flow limitations requiring excessive waiting, and inadequate purification when high flows are imposed. Two modifications were examined: increasing the sand's effective size, and adding zero-valent iron (ZVI) into the media as a disinfectant. After 65 days, percent reductions in total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococci averaged 98.9% for traditional BSF and 99% for the improved BSF. Both modifications showed statistically significant improvements. Increased sand size and ZVI addition can counter the drawbacks of traditional BSF.
CITATION STYLE
Tellen, V., Nkeng, G., & Dentel, S. (2010). Improved filtration technology for pathogen reduction in rural water supplies. Water (Switzerland), 2(2), 285–306. https://doi.org/10.3390/w2020285
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