The African Weaver Ant, O. longinoda Latreille is an important and successful biological control agent of numerous important pests of tree crops including cashew. There are hundreds of nests in a colony but only a single nest contains a queen with the role of laying eggs which ultimately produce viable offspring. The introduction of weaver ant colonies in a plantation is sustainable when a reproductive queen is included. Therefore, locating weaver ant colonies that contain a queen nest is essential, particularly during relocation of a mature colony in a plantation. We investigated locating queen nests in 52 colonies of O. longinoda. This study revealed that a tree with a queen nest (i) was not infested by weaver ant antagonists (ii) had more weaver ant trails with more active/aggressive workers than was the case with other trees (confirmed in 96% of cases). The queen nests was identified by aggregation of workers on or near the nest surface and the presence of workers on the exterior surface of the queen nest forming a chain/bridge like structure when queen nest is slightly disturbed. Furthermore, the queen nest is constructed with thick silk threads tightened between the queen nest leaves. Significantly (p < 0.0001), more queen nests were of smaller size and were located at the middle or lower position inside the tree canopy. It took an average of 5.6 min with a success rate of 99.6% to locate a O. longinoda queen nest. These new findings may facilitate the application of weaver ant technology in IPM-programs.
CITATION STYLE
Nene, W., Rwegasira, G. M., & Mwatawala, M. (2017). Optimizing a method for locating queen nests of the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in cashew, Anacardium occidentale L. plantations in Tanzania. Crop Protection, 102, 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.08.013
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