We directly observed real-time production of single protein molecules in individual Escherichia coli cells. A fusion protein of a fast-maturing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and a membrane-targeting peptide was expressed under a repressed condition. The membrane-localized YFP can be detected with single-molecule sensitivity. We found that the protein molecules are produced in bursts, with each burst originating from a stochastically transcribed single messenger RNA molecule, and that protein copy numbers in the bursts follow a geometric distribution. The quantitative study of low-level gene expression demonstrates the potential of single-molecule experiments in elucidating the workings of fundamental biological processes in living cells.
CITATION STYLE
Yu, J., Xiao, J., Ren, X., Lao, K., & Xie, X. S. (2006). Probing gene expression in live cells, one protein molecule at a time. Science, 311(5767), 1600–1603. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1119623
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