Valuation effects of global diversification

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of global diversification on firm value using a data set of US firms from 1994 to 2002. We document that global diversification enhances firm value. Specifically, we find that Tobin's q, our proxy for firm value, increases with foreign sales (measured as a fraction of the firm's total sales), even after we control for well-known determinants of firm value. In contrast, we find no such evidence for industrial diversification. We find evidence of both financial and real effects driving such a value enhancement from global diversification. Furthermore, we find that the valuation benefits from global diversification are higher if the firm diversifies into countries with creditor rights that are stronger than those of the United States. Our results are also robust to controlling for the firm's endogenous hoice to diversify across countries or across industries. Our study is anchored by the theories of both the financial and real dimensions of global diversification, and our results support both theories. Overall, our results provide a unifying view that global diversification benefits are driven by both the real and financial dimensions. © 2009 Academy of International Business All rights reserved.