Water balance in Hemizonia luzulifolia: the role of extracellular polysaccharides

Abstract

Abstract. The role of extracellular water in ameliorating drought stress was examined in Hemizonia luzulifola, an annual composite that comprises two subspecies differing significantly in the amount of extracellular polysaccharide within basal leaves. Rosette leaves of the high polysaccharide (HP) ssp were more than 30% pectin on a dry weight basis in contrast to only 4% in the low polysaccharide (LP) ssp. Concomitant with this difference in polysaccharide content was a significant difference in the dehydration response of leaves. Near full hydration, relative capacitances of HP leaves (0.7 MPa‐1) were an order of magnitude greater than the LP leaves (0.08 MPa‐1). Relative capacitance of the polysaccharide alone was 1.5 MPa‐1. The weight of water per unit leaf area was not significantly different in the two taxa. Nevertheless, the pectin‐like polysaccharides significantly altered the distribution of metabolically available water from primarily cell‐stored water in the LP ssp to apoplasmic and symplasmic capacitors in leaves of the HP ssp. The consequence of this apoplasmic water store with colloidal properties is that the Ψ‐dependence of leaf capacitance ceases to be linked directly to cell water relations. Transfer resistances for water movement between capacitors and the xylem near full hydration (0 to ‐0.5 MPa) were significantly larger in the HP leaf. This difference in transfer resistance was interpreted to be the result of a large resistance to water movement between the polysaccharide and the xylem. Because of these large transfer resistances, the apoplasmic capacitor probably buffers cells at lower water potentials under transient water fluxes than expected from laboratory measurements made during slow desiccation. Field measurements support this conclusions; HP leaves were better buffered than LP leaves at midday water potentials. Copyright © 1990, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved