Opening Production: Design and Commons

Abstract

In recent years, new ways have arisen for organizing and carrying out production in open and collaborative fashions. Hereopen productionrefers to all value creation, either of intangible (immaterial, digital) or tangible (material, physical) resources, done through open and collaborative processes. It is open in that it encourages broader participation in which users often become producers, relying on some forms of sharedcommons.It iscollaborativein that its sustainability is based on generating new social bonds and alliances, i.e., social capital. Processes of open production often tend to happen outside of traditional social and economic structures, and