Witness tree records and survey reports were examined to determine the nature of the natural vegetation in parts of Minnesota before logging. Pollen analysis of lake sediments were used to study the immigration of white pine. The study finds evidence that white pine and associated species migrated into the area historically, replacing oak openings and savannas.
CITATION STYLE
Jacobson, G. L. (1979). The Palaeoecology of White Pine (Pinus Strobus) in Minnesota. The Journal of Ecology, 67(2), 697. https://doi.org/10.2307/2259121
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