Superconductivity: From Physics to Technology

Abstract

Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in Leiden. That discovery can be traced to the steady advance in laboratory techniques for obtaining ever lower temperatures that began when Louis Cailletet in France and Raoul Pictet in Switzerland succeeded in liquefying trace amounts of the “permanent gases,” nitrogen, air and hydrogen. These gases were so named because previous attempts to liquefy them, by Michael Faraday among others, had been unsuccessful.It took half a century to understand Kamerlingh Onnes's discovery, and another quarter‐century to make it useful. Presumably we won't have to wait that long to make practical use of the new high‐temperature superconductors. © 1993, American Institute of Physics. All rights reserved.