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Earth Sciences

In this discipline: 454,320 papers · 2,143 groups

Discipline summary

Earth science is the study of Earth’s geological history and future, its chemical resources and energy supply, and the physical threats that impact our population. Earth science studies the geological evolution of the Earth’s surface and subterranean solid materials. Major fields of study in earth science include the changing climate and the challenge of sustainability. Multidisciplinary in nature, earth scientists draw on methods from a variety of natural and biological disciplines, relying heavily on field work and modeling to gather data about the natural world and its phenomena.

Popular papers

  1. Compositional models of the Earth are critically dependent on three main sources of information: the seismic profile of the Earth and its interpretation, comparisons between primitive meteorites and the solar nebula composition, and chemical and…
  2. A practical step-by-step guide to wavelet analysis is given, with examples taken from time series of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The guide includes a comparison to the windowed Fourier transform, the choice of an appropriate wavelet…
  3. Subduction zones are where sediments, oceanic crust, and mantle lithosphere return to and reequilibrate with Earth's mantle. Subduction zones are interior expressions of Earth's 55,000 km of convergent plate margins and are the geodynamic system…
  4. Increasingly reliable regional climate change projections are now available for many regions of the world due to advances in modelling and understanding of the physical processes of the climate system. A number of important themes have emerged:…
  5. The NCEP and NCAR are cooperating in a project (denoted ''reanalysis'') to produce a 40-year record of global analyses of atmospheric fields in support of the needs of the research and climate monitoring communities. This effort involves the…
  6. The last 6000 years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in comparison to larger glacial-interglacial changes), and because abundant,…
  7. ERA-Interim is the latest global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The ERA-Interim project was conducted in part to prepare for a new atmospheric reanalysis to replace ERA-40, which…
  8. As many as 20 air-borne tephra layers have been identified in the upper Quaternary sequence of deep-sea cores from the eastern Mediterranean. Petrographical examination based on refractive index, phenocryst content, and chemical composition of the…
  9. The Antarctic Vostok ice core provided compelling evidence of the nature of climate, and of climate feedbacks, over the past 420,000 years. Marine records suggest that the amplitude of climate variability was smaller before that time, but such…
  10. During experiments aimed at understanding the mechanisms by which long-chain carbon molecules are formed in interstellar space and circumstellar shells1, graphite has been vaporized by laser irradiation, producing a remarkably stable cluster…
  11. METHANE is produced at the Earth's surface by various processes, chiefly biological in origin. Koyama1 estimated an annual source of 3 1014 g, with rice paddy fields a major contributor, but did not consider the contribution from natural swamps, and…

Popular groups

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