Whilst many definitions of formative assessment have been offered, there is no clear rationale to define and delimit it within broader theories of pedagogy. This paper aims to offer such a rationale, within a framework which can also unify the…
Testing and Evaluation
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Aims. To demonstrate the principles and application of Mokken scaling. Background. The history and development of Mokken scaling is described, some examples of applications are given, and some recent development of the method are summarised. Design.…
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Presents a historical framework of classroom assessment, highlighting the key tenets of social efficiency curricula, behaviorist learning theories, and scientific measurement. Offers a contrasting social-constructivist conceptual framework that…
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(from the introduction) In the "Standards" three broad categories of test instruments are covered: constructed performance tasks, questionnaires, and to a lesser extent, structured behavior samples. Each chapter begins with introductory text that…
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This text was written to help the reader acquire a base of knowledge about classical psychometrics and to integrate new ideas into that framework of knowledge. The material is organized into five units: (1) introduction to measurement theory; (2)…
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There are two currently popular statistic frameworks for addressing measurement problems such as test development, test-score equating, and the identification of biased test items: classical test theory and item response theory (IRT). In this…
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Firm evidence shows that formative assessment is an essential component of classroom work and that its development can raise standards of achievement, Mr. Black and Mr. Wiliam point out. Indeed, they know of no other way of raising standards for…
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The importance of formative assessment in student learning is generally acknowledged, but it is not well understood across higher education. The identification of some key features of formative assessment opens the way for a discussion of theory. It…
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This fully updated sixth edition of the international bestseller Research Methods in Education covers the whole range of methods currently employed by educational research at all stages. It is divided into five main parts: the context of educational…
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Psychological research involving scale construction has been hindered considerably by a widespread lack of understanding of coefficient alpha and reliability theory in general. A discussion of the assumptions and meaning of coefficient alpha is…
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"This book is the only introductory educational research text to offer a truly balanced and integrated treatment of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Written in clear and practical language, Educational Research will help its readers get…
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"Construct validation was introduced in order to specify types of research required in developing tests for which the conventional views on validation are inappropriate. Personality tests, and some tests of ability, are interpreted in terms of…
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Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is widely used for examining hypothesized relations among ordinal variables (e.g., Likert-type items). A theoretically appropriate method fits the CFA model to polychoric correlations using either weighted least…
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Much evaluation of teaching focuses on what teachers do in class. This article focuses on the evaluation of assessment arrangements and the way they affect student learning out of class. It is assumed that assessment has an overwhelming influence on…
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This study investigated the utility of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) models for testing the comparability of psychological measurements. Both procedures were used to investigate whether mood ratings collected in…
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Outlines a general argument-based approach to validation, develops an interpretive argument for a placement test as an example, and examines some key properties in interpretive arguments. Validity is associated with the interpretation assigned to…
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In most educational programs, a substantial proportion of teacher and student time is devoted to activities which involve (or lead directly to) evaluation by the teacher of student products or behavior. This review summarizes results from 14…
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Developed by the International Test Commission, the International Guidelines on Computer-Based and Internet-Delivered Testing are a set of guidelines specifically developed to highlight good practice issues in relation to computer/Internet tests and…
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This research examined the effect of scoring items thought to be multidimensional using a unidimensional model and demonstrated the use of multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) as a diagnostic tool. Using real data from a large-scale…
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Presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of…
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