Nanotechnology

Soft lithography represents a non-photolithographic strategy based on self-assembly and replica molding for carrying out micro- and nanofabrication. It provides a convenient, effective, and low-cost method for the formation and manufacturing of…

Microfabricated integrated circuits revolutionized computation by vastly reducing the space, labor, and time required for calculations. Microfluidic systems hold similar promise for the large-scale automation of chemistry and biology, suggesting the…

The manipulation of fluids in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometres-microfluidics-has emerged as a distinct new field. Microfluidics has the potential to influence subject areas from chemical synthesis and biological analysis to optics and…

Problems associated with large-scale pattern growth of graphene constitute one of the main obstacles to using this material in device applications. Recently, macroscopic-scale graphene films were prepared by two-dimensional assembly of graphene…

The richness of optical and electronic properties of graphene attracts enormous interest. Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency, in addition to flexibility, robustness and environmental stability. So far, the main focus has been on…

THE synthesis of molecular carbon structures in the form of C60 and other fullerenes 1 has stimulated intense interest in the structures accessible to graphitic carbon sheets. Here I report the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure…

Contents 1. Historic Introduction 293 2. General Background: Quantum Size Effect and Single-Electron Transitions 294 3. Synthesis and Assembly 296 3.1. Citrate Reduction 296 3.2. The Brust-Schiffrin Method: Two-Phase Synthesis and Stabilization by…

Surface plasmons are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor. By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons-in particular their interaction with light-can be tailored, which offers the potential for…

Excitonic solar cells-including organic, hybrid organic-inorganic and dye-sensitized cells (DSCs)-are promising devices for inexpensive, large-scale solar energy conversion. The DSC is currently the most efficient and stable excitonic photocell.…

The etch rates for 317 combinations of 16 materials (single-crystal silicon, doped, and undoped polysilicon, several types of silicon dioxide, stoichiometric and silicon-rich silicon nitride, aluminum, tungsten, titanium, Ti/W alloy, and two brands…

Recent developments have greatly improved the sensitivity of optical sensors based on metal nanoparticle arrays and single nanoparticles. We introduce the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor and describe how its exquisite sensitivity…

We describe devices in which optics and fluidics are used synergistically to synthesize novel functionalities. Fluidic replacement or modification leads to reconfigurable optical systems, whereas the implementation of optics through the microfluidic…

We describe highly sensitive, label-free, multiplexed electrical detection of cancer markers using silicon-nanowire field-effect devices in which distinct nanowires and surface receptors are incorporated into arrays. Protein markers were routinely…

Insights into conducting research and the writing of scientific papers are given by Prof. Whitesides in this short essay. The manuscript and its guidelines has been circulated within the Whitesides' research group since 1989.

The emerging field of plasmonics has yielded methods for guiding and localizing light at the nanoscale, well below the scale of the wavelength of light in free space. Now plasmonics researchers are turning their attention to photovoltaics, where…

The outstanding electrical, mechanical and chemical properties of graphene make it attractive for applications in flexible electronics. However, efforts to make transparent conducting films from graphene have been hampered by the lack of efficient…

We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between…

This protocol provides an introduction to soft lithography-a collection of techniques based on printing, molding and embossing with an elastomeric stamp. Soft lithography provides access to three-dimensional and curved structures, tolerates a wide…

This review addresses recent advances in carbon-nanotubes (CNT) based electrochemical biosensors. The unique chemical and physical properties of CNT have paved the way to new and improved sensing devices, in general, and electrochemical biosensors,…

Electrochemistry-based sensors offer sensitivity, selectivity and low cost for the detection of selected DNA sequences or mutated genes associated with human disease. DNA-based electrochemical sensors exploit a range of different chemistries, but…