Graphene sheets-one-atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon-are predicted to have a range of unusual properties. Their thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness may rival the remarkable in-plane values for graphite (approximately…
Processes
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This review on graphene, a one atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, starts with a general description of the graphene electronic structure as well as a basic experimental toolkit for identifying and handling this material. Owing to the…
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The mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials are reviewed, with emphasis on their constitutive response and on the fundamental physical mechanisms. In a brief introduction, the most important synthesis methods are presented. A number of…
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Epoxy resins are formed from an oligomer containing at least two epoxide groups and a curing agent, usually either an amine compound or a diacid compound. A great variety of such resins is on themarket. There aremany monographs on epoxy resins…
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Sputtering of a target by energetic ions or recoil atoms is assumed to result from cascades of atomic collisions. The sputtering yield is calculated under the assumption of random slowing down in an infinite medium. An integrodifferential equation…
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Vapor grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF)/polymer conductive composites are elegant materials that exhibit superior electrical, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) and thermal properties compared to conventional conductive…
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Partially ionized, low-temperature plasmas have been used extensively in many areas of technology. These applications of plasma include surface processing and lighting devices. There are three major categories in surface processing: sputtering,…
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In plasma assisted thin film growth, control over the energy and direction of the incoming species is desired. If the growth species are ionized this can be achieved by the use of a substrate bias or a magnetic field. Ions may be accelerated by an…
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The literature on grain refinement of magnesium alloys is reviewed with regard to two broad groups of alloys: alloys that contain aluminum and alloys that do not contain aluminum. The alloys that are free of aluminum are generally very well refined…
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A compact retarding field ion energy analyzer has been designed and built to measure the energy distribution of ions bombarding the wafer surfaces placed on radio frequency ~rf! biased electrodes in high-density plasma reactors. The analyzer was…
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Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already…
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In this review, recent developments in the fabrication and understanding of the electronic properties of graphene nanostructures are discussed. After a brief overview of the structure of graphene and the two-dimensional transport properties, the…
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Problems associated with large-scale pattern growth of graphene constitute one of the main obstacles to using this material in device applications. Recently, macroscopic-scale graphene films were prepared by two-dimensional assembly of graphene…
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Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established…
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The large number of hazardous chemicals manufactured, transported, and stored in the United States creates the potential for significant toxic exposures to workers in industry today. Emergency physicians are likely to be called upon to evaluate many…
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The Third Edition of the standard textbook and reference in the field of semiconductor devices This classic book has set the standard for advanced study and ...
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Interest in graphene centres on its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties, its very high specific surface area, and our ability to influence these properties through chemical functionalization. There are a number of…
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We report the measurement of the thermal conductivity of a suspended single-layer graphene. The room temperature values of the thermal conductivity in the range approximately (4.84+/-0.44)x10(3) to (5.30+/-0.48)x10(3) W/mK were extracted for a…
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Graphene sheets offer extraordinary electronic, thermal and mechanical properties and are expected to find a variety of applications. A prerequisite for exploiting most proposed applications for graphene is the availability of processable graphene…
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We review recent work on Raman spectroscopy of graphite and graphene. We focus on the origin of the D and G peaks and the second order of the D peak. The G and 2D Raman peaks change in shape, position and relative intensity with number of graphene…
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