A cognitive work analysis to identify human-machine interface design challenges unique to uninhabited aircraft systems

Abstract

As part of evaluating whether and under what terms uninhabited aircraft systems (UASs) will fly in controlled airspace, the applicability of existing FAA regulations and guidance to UAS certification must be determined. We performed a cognitive work analysis (CWA) to identify humanmachine interface (HMI) requirements for safe UAS control so they could be compared with relevant regulations and guidance. Data included pilots' accounts of past critical events supplemented with observations of UAS operations, mishap report summaries, and subject matter expert critiques. Data were used to identify inadequacies in information, feedback, planning support, resource access, and controls across ten flight events. Recurrent, cross-cutting inadequacies were identified as systemic HMI design risks to safe UAS control. Six HMI design risks are described in this paper. All six relate to constraints imposed by characteristics of UAS operations. Risk mitigation may call for new HMI frameworks, strategies, and concepts. Copyright 2012 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.