Complications of lung transplantation.

Abstract

This article summarizes the complications of lung transplantation. Complications discussed are categorized into (1) complications of the operation itself, including hemorrhage, the reimplantation response, airway anastomotic complications, cardiac and hemodynamic complications, and gastrointestinal complications; (2) complications of transplantation, including acute and chronic rejection; and (3) complications of the immunosuppressive agents used to prevent rejection, including infection, malignancy, and direct toxicities of the medications. This article describes the usual presenting features of these complications and summarizes strategies used by transplant providers for their prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment.