Design of monolithic phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits-a tutorial

Abstract

This paper describes the principles of phase-locked system design with emphasis on monolithic implementations. Following a brief review of basic concepts, we analyze the static and dynamic behavior of phase-locked loops and study the design of their building blocks in bipolar and CMOS technologies. Next, we describe chargepump phase-locked loops, effect of noise, and the problem of clock recovery from random data. Finally, we present applications in communications, digital systems, and RF transceivers.