Document Layout Analysis
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Document Layout Analysis
Diploma Thesis
Document Layout Analysis
Diplomarbeit im Fach Informatik
Image Understanding and Pattern Recognition Group
Deutsches Forschungszentrum fu¨r Ku¨nstliche Intelligenz
Fachbereich Informatik
Technische Universita¨t Kaiserslautern
Prof. Dr. Thomas Breuel
vorgelegt von:
Joost van Beusekom
Matrikelnummer: 34 33 90
Gutachter:
Prof. Dr. Thomas Breuel
Betreuer:
Daniel Keysers
Faisal Shafait
Document Layout Analysis
Diplomarbeit im Fach Informatik
Image Understanding and Pattern Recognition Group
Deutsches Forschungszentrum fu¨r Ku¨nstliche Intelligenz
Fachbereich Informatik
Technische Universita¨t Kaiserslautern
Prof. Dr. Thomas Breuel
vorgelegt von:
Joost van Beusekom
Matrikelnummer: 34 33 90
Gutachter:
Prof. Dr. Thomas Breuel
Betreuer:
Daniel Keysers
Faisal Shafait
Page 2
Contents
1 Introduction 3
2 Distance Measures for Document Layouts 5
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Properties of a Good Distance Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.5 The Benchmarking Distance Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.6 Distance Measures based on a Block Distance and a Solution
Method for the Matching Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.6.2 Block Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.6.3 Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.7 Evaluation of Distances Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7.1 Evaluation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7.2 Layout Analysis Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.8 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8.1 Error Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8.2 Evaluation of Matching Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8.3 Evaluation of Block Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.8.4 Comparison to the FIRE Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.8.5 Error Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.9 Application: Layout Analysis by Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.9.1 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.9.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.10 Conclusion and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3 Layout to HTML Converter 45
3.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.2 Functionalities and Description of the Graphical User Interface . 46
3.2.1 Mouse Buttons: Manual Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.2.2 Menu entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.2.3 Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2.4 Checkboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.3 Handling PDF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
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1 Introduction 3
2 Distance Measures for Document Layouts 5
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Properties of a Good Distance Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.5 The Benchmarking Distance Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.6 Distance Measures based on a Block Distance and a Solution
Method for the Matching Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.6.2 Block Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.6.3 Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.7 Evaluation of Distances Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7.1 Evaluation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7.2 Layout Analysis Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.8 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8.1 Error Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8.2 Evaluation of Matching Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8.3 Evaluation of Block Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.8.4 Comparison to the FIRE Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.8.5 Error Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.9 Application: Layout Analysis by Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.9.1 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.9.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.10 Conclusion and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3 Layout to HTML Converter 45
3.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.2 Functionalities and Description of the Graphical User Interface . 46
3.2.1 Mouse Buttons: Manual Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.2.2 Menu entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.2.3 Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2.4 Checkboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.3 Handling PDF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
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