Happiness , introversion ± extraversion and happy introverts
- ISSN: 01918869
- DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00058-1
Abstract
Examined (1) the importance of extraversion (EX) as it relates to variables associated with happiness (HP), (2) the extent to which overall HP can be accounted for by factors other than EX, and (3) the similarities and differences that may exist between the qualities of HP demonstrated by those who are high and low in EX. Ss were 269 18-83 yr olds who completed measures of HP, EX, cognitive style, and other aspects of individual personality (IP). Based on the data collected, Ss were divided into 4 groups: happy extraverts, happy introverts, unhappy introverts, and unhappy extraverts. The results show that, although EX is associated with HP, the correlations of other IP differences (life satisfaction) appear to be greater and, in some cases, substantially independent of EX. The results also identify several Ss as happy introverts. Data concerning these Ss suggest that many of the behaviours of happy introverts and happy extraverts seem virtually identical. Overall, these findings suggest that the mechanism by which introversion-extraversion affects HP may be different from that of other variables. Further, it might better be considered as an instrumental variable that mediates the ways individuals choose to achieve their own happiness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
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