Ice volume estimates for the Himalaya–Karakoram region: evaluating different methods

Abstract

A fast high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for assessing 9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( 9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) in hair has been developed and validated. Hair samples were oven digested with 2.0M sodium hydroxide (100°C, 10min), and targets were further extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1). A chromatographic run based on a gradient elution (0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile and in ultrapure water) was performed in 5min. The limits of detection were 0.25, 0.21, and 0.22ngg-1, for 9-THC, CBN and CBD, respectively. The relative standard deviation of intra- and inter-day precision was lower than 4 and 7%, respectively, and intra- and inter-day analytical recoveries ranged from 95 and 106%, and 93 and 105%, respectively. The method was applied to hair samples collected from proven cannabis abusers. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.