The Importance of External Validity
American Journal of Public Health (2008)
- DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.126847
- PubMed: 18048772
Available from www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov
or
Abstract
Over 40 years ago, Campbell and Stanley published their seminal work on experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research, in which they raised issues about threats to internal validity (whether or not observed covariation should be interpreted as a causal relationship) that exist when researchers are not able to randomly assign participants to treatments.1 In that volume and subsequent work, they also raised issues about other types of validity, including2,3:
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