For a social network analysis of computer networks: a sociological perspective on collaborative work and virtual community

Abstract

When computer networks link people as well as machines, they become social networks. Social network analysis provides a useful approach to moving beyond the concept of 'group' in studying virtual communities and computer supported cooperative work and telework. Such computer supported social networks (CSSNs) sustain strong, intermediate and weak ties that provide information and social support in both specialized and broadly-based relationships. They foster informal workplace communities that are usually partial and narrowly-focused, although some do become encompassing and broadly-based. CSSNs connect workers within and between organizations who often are physically dispersed. The nature of the medium both constrains and facilitates management control. Although many relationships function offline as well as online, CSSNs have developed their own norms and structures. They have strong societal implications, fostering situations that combine global connectivity, the fragmentation of solidarities and the de-emphasis of local organization, and the importance of home bases.