Second solid cancers after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using reduced-intensity conditioning

Abstract

We examined risk of second solid cancers after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) using reduced-intensity/nonmyeloablative conditioning (RIC/NMC). RIC/NMC recipients with leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n=2833) and lymphoma (n=1436) between 1995 and 2006 were included. In addition, RIC/NMC recipients 40 to 60years of age (n=2138) were compared with patients of the same age receiving myeloablative conditioning (MAC, n=6428). The cumulative incidence of solid cancers was 3.35% at 10years. There was no increase in overall cancer risk compared with the general population (leukemia/MDS: standardized incidence ratio [SIR] .99, P=1.00; lymphoma: SIR .92, P=75). However, risks were significantly increased in leukemia/MDS patients for cancers of lip (SIR 14.28), tonsil (SIR 8.66), oropharynx (SIR 46.70), bone (SIR 23.53), soft tissue (SIR 12.92), and vulva (SIR 18.55) and skin melanoma (SIR 3.04). Lymphoma patients had significantly higher risks of oropharyngeal cancer (SIR 67.35) and skin melanoma (SIR 3.52). Among RIC/NMC recipients, age >50 years was the only independent risk factor for solid cancers (hazard ratio [HR] 3.02, P