BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PATHOGENS BY USING ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA: A REVIEW

Abstract

The application of synthetic pesticides viz fungicide, bactericide, and nematicide to control the harmful phytopathogens that have a terrible impact on all living environments. Therefore, the developing countries have banned the further application of pesticides and usage of an alternate approach than synthetic pesticides, which have no side effect on plant health, human health, and on the living environment that are more cost-effective and ecofriendly behavior. The term biological control through beneficial microorganisms is an alternative approach to control the phytopathogens, which causes severe loss to important crops worldwide. This review article has focused on the antagonistic behavior of bacteria against fungal plant pathogens, bacteria, and nematodes. The bacterial species, especially Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces applied as antagonists against bundles of phytopathogens by a different mode of action. The antagonistic bacteria produce different antimicrobial compounds to suppress the growth of targeted pathogens. To suppress the growth of pre and post harvested fungal and bacterial pathogens, the biocontrol (BC) bacteria produce siderophore, antibiosis, parasitism, competition for space and nutrients, and biofilm formation. Induction of resistance in host plants also generated by biocontrol bacteria through the production of Indole acetic acid (IAA) and activities of the effector genes in host. The commercial products prepared by using the antagonistic bacteria such as Cryptococcus albidus, Pseudomonas syringae, Bacillus subtilis, Candida oleophila' and Aureobasidium pullulans used to control the different phyto-fungal pathogens. This review article covers the three-parts, in the first part, we discussed the antagonistic potential of bacteria against fungal pathogens, in the second part, we discuss the antagonistic potential of bacteria against bacterial pathogens and third part contain the antagonistic potential of bacteria against plant-parasitic nematodes.