Photocatalytic Methane Conversion: Insight into the Mechanism of C(sp3)–H Bond Activation

Abstract

Mild and direct conversion of methane into high value-added products is a desired goal for chemistry, energy, and environment. The active species generated in the photocatalytic reaction system under mild conditions activate the inert C–H bond in methane and promote methane conversion. This review focuses on the developed mechanisms for C(sp3)–H bond activation in photocatalytic methane conversion, including radical and active site mechanisms. Particular emphasis is placed on the detailed summary of mechanism, characterization method, and corresponding application in photocatalytic methane conversion. We also discuss the challenges and prospects for future direction on C(sp3)–H bond activation mechanism in photocatalytic methane conversion. This review aims to promote the development of photocatalytic methane conversion and provides guidance for the design of high-efficiency photocatalysts.