To investigate characteristics of carotenoid biosynthesis in the Japanese persimmon 'Fuyu' fruit during maturation, caro-tenoids and gene expression for phytoene synthase (DK-PSY), phytoene desaturase (DK-PDS), ζ-carotene desaturase (DK-ZDS), lycopene β-cyclase (DK-LCYb), β-ring hydroxylase (DK-HYb), zeaxanthin epoxidase (DK-ZDS) and lycopene ε-cyclase (DK-LCYe) were analyzed. In the skin, lutein was the main carotenoid at the green stage. The level of gene expression of DK-LCYe was constant throughout the experimental period. In contrast, the level of carotenoid-bio-synthetic enzymes with the exception of DK-LCYe was lower in the green stage than in the coloring stage. These findings suggested that during the green stage, DK-LCYe played an important role in carotenoid biosynthesis and was responsible for massive accumulation of lutein. In the coloring stage after October, β-cryptoxanthin (β-CRY) and zeaxanthin were mainly accumulated. At this stage, simultaneous increase of the gene expression for caro-tenoid-biosynthetic enzymes with the exception of DK-LCYe was observed. It was thought that the change in expression profile of the genes accelerated the accumulation of β-CRY and zeaxanthin in this stage. In the flesh, β-CRY and zeaxan-thin were mainly accumulated in October. Lycopene was mainly accumulated in November. The lycopene accumulation was accompanied by a massive increase in expression of genes at the later stages of lycopene biosynthesis (DK-PSY, DK-PDS and DK-ZDS). This finding suggested that lycopene accumulation was caused by massive increase in the expression of genes at the later stages of lycopene biosynthesis. キーワード:カロテン,果色,キサントフィル,リアルタイム PCR,色素 緒 言 カロテノイドは,高等植物では果実や花に蓄積すること によって黄色・オレンジ・赤色等を呈する色素である.カ ロテノイドは,抗酸化作用を持つことに加え,いくつかの 種類ではプロビタミン A 活性を持つ機能性成分であり,近 年発ガン抑制効果(Nishino ら,2000)を始めとして多くの 生体調節機能に関して研究が進められている. 植物中のカロテノイド生合成系では,まず pyhtoene syn-thase(PSY)により無色のフィトエンが合成される.次に phytoene desaturase(PDS)と ζ-carotene desaturase(ZDS)に よりリコペンが合成される.その後合成経路は 2 つに分岐 し,一方では lycopene ε-cyclase(LCYe)により α 型カロテ ノイドである α-カロテンやルテインが合成される. もう一 方では,lycopene β-cyclase(LCYb)により γ-カロテンを経 て β-カロテンが合成され,β-ring hydroxylase(HYb)によ り β-クリプトキサンチン(CRY) ,ゼアキサンチンを順次 合成し,Zeaxanthin epoxidase(ZEP)によりビオラキサン チンが合成される(第 1 図) .ビオラキサンチンからさらに 代謝が進むと植物ホルモンの一種であるアブシジン酸が合 成される. 植物種によってカロテノイド組成は異なり,アセロラで はフィトエンが,トマトではリコペンが多くの比率で含ま れており, β-CRY はミカンやカキ等の限られた果実に多く, 2006 年 7 月 14 日 受付.2006 年 10 月 22 日 受理. 本報告の一部は平成 17 年園芸学会春季大会で発表した.
CITATION STYLE
Niikawa, T., Suzuki, T., Ozeki, T., Kato, M., & Ikoma, Y. (2007). Characteristics of Carotenoid Accumulation during Maturation of the Japanese Persimmon ‘Fuyu.’ Horticultural Research (Japan), 6(2), 251–256. https://doi.org/10.2503/hrj.6.251
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