The party politics of foreign and security policy

Abstract

The positions of political parties in various foreign policy questions and how such ideological stancesmatter in foreign and security policy decisionmaking remain largely unexplored beyond the specific case of the United States. Reviewing the "state of the art"in foreign policy analysis and comparative politics, this introductory article discusses the changing nature of both international politics and party systems and cleavages in Europe and beyond. It puts forward reasons why we should see different patterns of coalitions and party behavior in security policy, on the one hand, and in international trade and foreign aid, on the other hand. The articles in this Special Issue have been deliberately chosen to capture different elements of "partyness,"from analyzing party positions to actual behavior by legislatures and governments to transnational party networks. Our main argument is that there are genuine ideological differences between political parties and that the impact of these competing ideologies is also discernible in foreign policy decision-making.