Spatial analysis of health risk due to contamination groundwater resources (a case study in Bandung District, Indonesia)

Abstract

Population growth affects the need for water which increases in quantity, followed by an increase in quality and continuity. The development of anthropogenic activities, agriculture, industry, and domestic resulted in a declining rate of clean water in Bandung District, especially in three areas, namely Ciparay, Dayeuhkolot and Margaasih sub-districts. Analysis samples of groundwater in South Bandung District showed an average pollution index of 11.42, which is included in the category of heavily polluted. Therefore, a public health risk assessment is carried out due to groundwater resources for hygiene and sanitation use. Risk characterization is carried out by quantitative methods of calculating the value of the Hazard Index with Monte-Carlo simulation analysis. Spatial analysis is carried out to show the range of risks that can be exposed to the community in the area. Spatial analysis can describe the effect of groundwater pollution and land use on health risk by calculating elevation on the Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation method in Geographic Information System Software. The Hazard Index value categorized child and adult values in each area, with spatial analysis resulting in high - low gradation. Range of hazard index show for Child - Ciparay and Adult - Ciparay respectively 1.15 - 0.08 and 1.16 - 0.22, for Child - Dayeuhkolot and Adult - Dayeuhkolot respectively 0.77 - 0.04 and 0.69 - 0.08, and for Child - Margaasih and Adult - Margaasih respectively 0.47 - 0.11 and 0.55- 0.14. Dermal exposure due to groundwater showed a non-carcinogenic risk in Ciparay Area in the Agriculture land use. Therefore, the stakeholder must periodically evaluate groundwater quality as hygiene and sanitation water, and the land use masterplan and management must be revised to reduce public health risks.