Volatile compounds released by enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoconjugates of leaves and grape berries from Vitis vinifera Muscat of Alexandria and Shiraz cultivars

Abstract

Glycoconjugates from Muscat of Alexandria and Shiraz leaves and grape berries were isolated by adsorption on Amberlite XAD-2 resin, and enzymatically released aglycons were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. About 120 aglycons were fully or tentatively identified. Compositional differences were observed between leaves and berries of the two varieties in five aglycon chemical groups: C6 alcohols, aliphatic alcohols, monoterpenes, shikimates, and C13-norisoprenoids, which were much more abundant in the leaves than in the berries. The differences observed for C13-norisoprenoids were in agreement with their hypothetical independent biosynthesis in leaves and berries. Thus, 3-hydroxy-β-damascone, an important norisoprenoid aglycon of grape berries, was not detected in leaves, whereas its oxidized derivative, 3-oxo-α-damascone, was absent in berries. Compositional differences were also observed between Muscat and Shiraz leaves. 3-Oxo-α-ionol was not detected in Shiraz leaves, and its retro derivatives were less abundant than in Muscat of Alexandria leaves. Conversely, in Shiraz leaves the levels of 7,8-dihydroionone derivatives, such as megastigman-3,9-diol and 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionol, were higher than in Muscat of Alexandria leaves.