Critical and Creative Thinking: More Influential Problem Based Learning or Problem Posing Learning?

Abstract

One of the competency requirements of the industrial revolution 4.0 that needs to be developed is the ability to think critically and creatively. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the effectiveness of problem-based mathematics learning, problem posing and conventional approaches and a comparison of their effectiveness in terms of critical and creative thinking skills of class X SMK Surakarta. The method used in this study is an experimental method, with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population studied were SMK students in the city of Surakarta, while the sample was taken from three selected classes in three SMKs. Then from the three classes, it was randomly determined which class was assigned to be the first experimental class, the second experimental class and the control class. The data analysis technique was MANOVA and the significance level was 5%. The results showed that (1) problem-based learning was better than problem posing and conventional in terms of students' critical thinking skills. Problem posing learning is better than conventional learning in terms of critical thinking skills. (2) problem posing learning is better than problem-based and conventional learning in terms of creative thinking skills.