Front Bumper Inclination on Vehicle Aerodynamic Performance: A Parametric Optimization Analysis

Abstract

The study focuses on an advanced numerical framework designed to optimize an electric car’s aerodynamic efficiency through the slanting front bumper. The study begins with a comparative analysis of four angular configurations (−4°, 0°, 4°, and 8°) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It concludes that an angle of 4° improves resource productivity and dynastic balance by reducing drag (Cd = 0.26) and guaranteeing controlled lift (Cl = 0.030). In order to further this research, ANSYS DesignXplorer 2019 R3 was used for parametric optimization, which included direct parameterization of the angle in the simulation process. A quadratic response surface was constructed using the CFD findings, and an optimality point with a Cd value of 0.2601 and a Cl value of 0.0302 was found at 3.9998°. Because this solution is part of the Pareto front, its use demonstrates the significance of the chosen geometric configuration. The approach is innovative because it combines a simple geometric transformation with an automated, repeatable simulation method to a degree appropriate for an industrial setting. The results show that modifying the front bumper in a particular way is a successful way to improve the aerodynamic performance of electric vehicles, with the added potential to function at other required locations on the vehicle body.