Advancing Jakarta's Global Cities Index ranking for sustainable resource management: A comparative study with Berlin, Seoul, and Sydney

Abstract

Urban resilience and global competitiveness increasingly rely on how effectively cities manage natural resources. Jakarta, as Indonesia's capital, plays a vital role in the national economy but continues to rank low in the Global Cities Index (GCI). This study examines Jakarta's performance in the GCI, particularly in Environmental Governance and Human Capital, and relates it to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 11, and 12. Using a qualitative-descriptive method, including literature review and Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA), the study evaluates Jakarta's capacity in managing green space, clean water, waste, and disaster risks. Comparative analysis shows that Berlin, Seoul, and Sydney successfully apply a holistic ecosystem-based approach by integrating ecological infrastructure, community involvement, and climate-Adaptive design. Berlin applies ecological zoning, Seoul revitalizes urban waterways, and Sydney implements water-sensitive urban design. Jakarta, however, faces challenges with fragmented policies and weak institutional coordination. To enhance its GCI ranking and achieve sustainable development, Jakarta must adopt integrated ecosystem-based strategies supported by robust governance, emphasizing urban greening, hydrological restoration, circular waste systems, and community-led, climate-resilient planning.