Comprehensive exploration of the molecular response, clinical signs, and histological aspects of heat stress in animals

Abstract

The function of a mammal is impacted by heat stress. This review considers the signs, symptoms, therapies, molecular reactions, histological changes, and effects of heat on protein metabolism in mammals. Heat stress is considered as a thermal injury model to the central nervous system (CNS), this review discusses the histopathological changes caused by heat stress on the CNS. Heat stress lowers metabolic rates, reduces feed intake and changes post-absorptive metabolism Heat stress disturbs the steady-state levels of free radicals, which in turn causes oxidative damage to both the mitochondria and the cells. Traditional and cutting-edge cooling techniques are covered in the management of heat stress.