Whole- and refined-grain intakes and the risk of hypertension in women

105Citations
Citations of this article
106Readers
Mendeley users who have this article in their library.

This article is free to access.

Abstract

Background: Prospective studies linking whole- and refined-grain intakes with the risk of hypertension, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor, remain limited. Objective: We aimed to determine whether baseline intake of whole or refined grains is associated with subsequent development of hypertension. Design: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 28 926 female US health professionals aged ≥45 y who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease, cancer, and hypertension in 1992. Baseline whole- and refined-grain intakes were assessed from semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. We identified 8722 incident cases of hypertension from annual questionnaires during 10 y of follow-up. Results: After adjustment for known hypertension risk factors, the relative risks (RRs) (and 95% CIs) of incident hypertension were 1.00 (reference), 0.96 (0.89, 1.03), 0.95 (0.88, 1.02), 0.92 (0.85, 0.99), and 0.89 (0.82, 0.97) across the increasing quintiles of baseline whole-grain intake (P for trend = 0.007). When functional cutoffs were used, women who consumed 0.5 to <1, 1 to <2, 2 to <4, and ≥4 whole-grain servings/d had multivariate RRs (95% CIs) of 0.93 (0.87, 1.00), 0.93 (0.87, 0.99), 0.92 (0.85, 0.99), and 0.77 (0.66, 0.89), respectively, compared with those who consumed <0.5 whole-grain servings/d. In contrast, refined-grain intake was not associated with the risk of hypertension. The multivariate RRs of hypertension across the increasing quintiles of refined-grain intake were 1.00, 0.97, 0.94, 0.99, and 0.97 (P for trend = 0.80). Conclusion: Higher whole-grain intake was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older women, which suggests a potential role for increasing whole-grain intake in the primary prevention of hypertension and its cardiovascular complications. © 2007 American Society for Nutrition.

Cite

CITATION STYLE

APA

Wang, L., Gaziano, J. M., Liu, S., Manson, J. A. E., Buring, J. E., & Sesso, H. D. (2007). Whole- and refined-grain intakes and the risk of hypertension in women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86(2), 472–479. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.2.472

Register to see more suggestions

Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.

Already have an account?

Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley

Sign up for free