Connection between the Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting more than 16 million people worldwide and is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a result of the destruction of beta cells in the pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans probably because of an autoimmune or viral disease, which leads to a lack of insulin in the body. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by a lack of response to insulin by target cells, although the production of insulin is usually normal or even increased in these individuals, and is due to a change in the structure or number of cellular insulin receptors. It is thought that type 2 DM may be a congenital disorder of the immune system and a result of a chronic, low level of inflammatory process. The number of adults diagnosed with DM type 2 in the world is expected to increase from 135 million in 1995 to about 300 million in 2025. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus covers 90% of the population with Diabetes Mellitus [1].