Cemented Paste Backfill (CPB) Material Properties for Undercut Analysis

Abstract

A longstanding mine backfill design challenge is determining the strength required if the (partially) cured backfill is subsequently undercut. Mitchell (1991) called the undercut backfill a sill mat and proposed an analytical solution that is still often used, at least for preliminary design, and has motivated subsequent empirical design methods. However, fully employing the Mitchell sill mat solution requires knowledge of the backfill material’s Unconfined Compressive Strength ((Formula presented.)), tangent Young’s modulus ((Formula presented.)), tensile strength ((Formula presented.)), as well as estimates of stope wall closure. Conducting a high-quality (Formula presented.) test poses challenges but relating the test result to the remaining material parameters is more difficult. Some new material testing data is presented and compared to available published results. Using the parameter (Formula presented.) the range of available testing data is found to be (Formula presented.) 3 to 22, however, the most compelling data is obtained when the Mohr’s failure circle in tension is tangential to the corresponding Mohr–Coulomb failure envelope determined from other strength tests. In these cases, the value (Formula presented.) 4 is found for the materials tested, which is much lower than the value (Formula presented.) 10 commonly assumed and implies a limiting (Formula presented.) 60% lower compared to the conventional assumption. It is also found that the relationship between (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) is described by a power function that is close to linear, but the values for the constant and exponent in the power function depend on the material tested. However, for given tailings the power function is found to be independent of void ratio, binder type or concentration, curing time, and water salinity, within the ranges these parameters were investigated. Therefore, when (Formula presented.) is used in the Mitchell sill mat solution it should be correlated with the (Formula presented.) using the appropriate power function. These correlations are then used with the Mitchell sill mat solution and published measurements of backfill closure strains to estimate the Mitchell solution’s range of applicability based on its underlying assumptions, and a similar analysis is extended to an “empirical design method” motivated by the Mitchell sill mat solution. It is demonstrated that these existing approaches have limited applicability, and more generally a full analysis in support of rational design will require numerical modeling that incorporates the effect of confining stress on the material’s stiffness and mobilized strength.